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Shakyamuni Buddha or
Gautama Buddha 527 to 446 BCE |
Buddha taught the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path. He also developed the three levels of practise of Buddhism:
Theravada (The Compact Vehicle), Mahayana (The Great Vehicle), Vajrayana (The Diamond Vehicle). |
Earliest Tibetan Buddhist history
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King Songtsen Gampo
608 to 650 CE |
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He sent Tonmi Sambhota to India to collect Buddhist texts. Also built Tibet's oldest and holiest temple, Jokarta, for his Nepalese wife.
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Tonmi Sambhota
??? to ??? CE |
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Developed the Tibetan language from a Kashmiri form of Sanskrit.
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King Trideu Tsugdan
??? to ??? CE |
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He furthered the work of Songsten Gampo, under difficult conditions. His Ministers were divided into two groups, Bon and Buddhism. He was the father of Trisong Deutsen and grandfater of Tri Ralpachen.
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Former abbot of Nalanda University, was introduced to King Trideu Tsugdan by his Minister Selnang.
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Was recruited from Nepal by Acharya Shantarakshita to subdue the angry "Tibetan Spirits" provoked by Bonpo manipulation.
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King Trisong Deutsen
718 to 785 CE |
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Tibet's Bonpo religion was replaced by Buddhism during his reign.
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King Tri Ralpachen
??? to 836 CE |
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He is best known for sponsoring a complete revision of all the Buddhist works that had been translated into the Tibetan language to more accurately convey the content of the original versions written in Sanskrit.
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Sakya Kunga Nyingpo
??? to ??? CE |
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He formulated and structured the Sakya teacings. His character gave this school that caused it to thrive and grow.
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Sakya Pakpa
??? to ??? CE |
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Sakya Pakpa and Sakya Kunga Nyingpo were both associated with the establishment of the Sakya Monastery.
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King Yeshe Do
??? to ??? CE |
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He and Jangchub Od, Kings of western Tibet recruited Atisha to reform the practise of Buddhism in Tibet.
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Early Tibetan Buddhist history
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Prajñabhadra
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He eventually assimilated the four types of transmitted mastery; the Great Seal, Heat yoga, Clear light and Union yogas. At this time he acquired the name Tilopa, which means sesame-grinder. He did this type of work while he internally perfected his meditation. he later became Naropa's Guru after Naropa left Nalanda.
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He studied at the Pullahari Monastery and later became the abbot of the great Nalanda University.
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Received the responsibility to maintain Buddhism from Naropa. Wrote the classic dharma text "Lamp for the Path to Enlightenment."
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Atisha's greatest Disciple He oversaw the construction of the Reteng Monastery with Atisha's guidance. Established the Kadampa Order to continue his Masters work.
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Marpa
1012 to 1097 CE |
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Jetsun Milarepa
1052 to 1135 CE |
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Milarepa's name combined his family name "Mila" with "Repa" which means "clad in cotton." He purportedly wore only thin cotton clothing while meditating at more than 16,000 feet elevation. He was proficient in several meditation practices of the Nyingma tradition, began the Yagyu lineage and composed the "100,000 songs of Milarepa."
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Gampopa
1079 to 1153 CE |
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The man of Mt. Gampo - achieved his enlightenment there. He established the very first Tibetan Kagyu Monastery and taught dharma from the very basics through to Vajrayana.
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Dusum Khyenpa
1110 to 1193 CE |
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Gampopa most renowned disciple was Dusum Khyenpa, the first Karmapa Lama.
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Dalai Lama history
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1st Dalai Lama
1391 to 1474 CE |
Gyalwa Gendun Drubpa
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Posthumously named as the 1st Dalai Lama. He established the Tashi Lhumpo Monastery. The Dalai Lamas are thought to be an emanation of the Avalokiteshvara, the Buddha of Compassion.
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2nd Dalai Lama
1475 to 1542 CE |
Gyalwa Gendun Gyatsu
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Posthumously named as the 2nd Dalai Lama. He studied at the Tashi Lhumpo and Drepung Monasteries.
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3rd Dalai Lama
1543 to 1588 CE |
Gyalwa Sonam Gyatsu
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4th Dalai Lama
(Mongolian)
1589 to 1617 CE |
Gyalwa Yonten Gyatsu
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The 4th Dalai Lama was a prince of the Mongols. He was the only Dalai Lama not born in Tibet.
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Great 5th Dalai Lama
1617 to 1682 CE |
Gyalwa Hgawang Lobsang
Gyatsu |
He united the larger Tibet and combined the spiritual and political roles into a theocratic form of government. His Teacher became the first Panchen Lama. Construction on the Potala Palace in Lhasa began during his tenure.
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6th Dalai Lama
1682 to 1706 CE |
Gyalwa Tsangyang Gyatsu
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He choose sports and an active social life over the responsibilities and celibacy of the monastic life.
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7th Dalai Lama
1708 to 1757 CE |
Gyalwa Kalsang Gyatsu
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Mongolia invaded Tibet, delaying his official recognition. Noted for introducing the Kalachakra Tantra to the Namgyal Monastery.
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8th Dalai Lama
1758 to 1804 CE |
Gyalwa Jamphel Gyatsu
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The English first had contact with Tibet during his reign. Tibet developed an Isolationistic policy as a defensive measure to manage the effects of this contact.
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9th Dalai Lama
1805 to 1815 CE 10th Dalai Lama 1816 to 1837 CE 11th Dalai Lama 1838 to 1856 CE 12th Dalai Lama 1856 to 1875 CE |
Gyalwa Lungtok Gyatsu
Gyalwa Tsultrim Gyatsu Gyalwa Khedrub Gyatsu Gyalwa Trinley Gyatsu |
The 9th through 12th Dalai Lamas were short lived. Exposure to contagious diseases from outside Tibet likely explains most of their early deaths.
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Great 13th Dalai Lama
1876 to 1933 CE |
Gyalwa Thubten Gyatsu
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He was known for his mysticism and writings, his contributions to the arts, and his impact on the Tibetan Society. Extensive contact with the West occurred during his time.
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14th Dalai Lama
Born 1933 CE |
His Holiness the Dalai Lama
or Tenzin Gyatsu |
Born as Lhamo Dhondup. He was driven from Tibet by the Chinese occupation, 1959 CE. The Dalai Lama subsequently established the new Tibetan cultural institutions and Government-in-exile at Dharamsala, India.
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